Male Urinary Incontinence: Types and Causes

Bladder leaks are often talked about as a women’s issue, but they are common in men too, especially with age, an enlarged prostate, or after prostate surgery. Understanding which type you have is the first step, because the cause points to the fix.

The main types of incontinence in men

Stress incontinence

Leaks when pressure on the bladder rises faster than the muscles can respond: coughing, sneezing, lifting, laughing, or standing up. In men, this is most often seen after prostate surgery, when the muscles that control urine flow have to take over work the prostate used to support. (See incontinence after prostate surgery.)

Urge incontinence (overactive bladder)

A sudden, strong need to urinate, sometimes with leaking before you reach the toilet. It is caused by the bladder muscle contracting when it should be relaxed. An enlarged prostate, nerve issues, or bladder irritation can all play a role.

Overflow incontinence

The bladder does not empty fully, so it overflows in frequent dribbles. In men this is commonly linked to an enlarged prostate blocking the flow. (See enlarged prostate and urine leakage.)

Mixed incontinence

A combination, most often stress plus urge symptoms together.

What causes bladder leaks in men

• Prostate surgery (radical prostatectomy), the most common cause of stress leaks in men.
• An enlarged prostate (BPH), which can cause urgency, frequency, weak stream, dribbling, and overflow.
• Prostate cancer treatment, including radiation.
• Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, or spinal injury.
• Certain medications, including some diuretics and sedatives.
• Urinary tract infections, which can cause sudden, temporary urgency and leaks.
• Lifestyle factors such as excess caffeine or alcohol, which irritate the bladder.

When to see a doctor

Bladder leaks are common, but they are not something to simply accept. See a doctor to find the cause, and seek prompt care if you have blood in your urine, pain, fever, or you suddenly cannot urinate at all, which is an emergency.

What helps

The right approach depends on the type and cause, but the foundations help most men: pelvic floor exercises, simple lifestyle changes, treating any underlying prostate issue, and using the right protective products while you work on the cause.

The bottom line

Male incontinence is common, treatable, and worth addressing. Identify the type, get the cause checked, and start with the basics. Most men can reduce or resolve their leaks with the right plan.

For the complete picture, see our guide to male bladder health and the step-by-step plan to stop bladder leaks.

This article is educational and is not a substitute for advice from your own doctor. Sources include patient guidance from major medical centers and the NIDDK.